What is the purpose of titration in chemistry?

The purpose of titration in chemistry is to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution. This technique involves the gradual addition of a titrant (a solution of known concentration) to a reaction mixture containing the analyte (the solution of unknown concentration) until the reaction reaches a specific endpoint, which is often indicated by a color change or a pH change. By measuring the volume of titrant used to reach this endpoint, it is possible to calculate the concentration of the analyte using stoichiometric relationships established by the balanced chemical equation that describes the reaction.

Titration is particularly valuable because it allows for precise measurements and can be performed with various types of reactions, including acid-base reactions, redox reactions, and complexometric reactions. The accuracy of titration makes it a fundamental analytical tool in fields such as analytical chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science.