What term is used to describe an atom that has lost electrons and carries a positive charge?

An atom that has lost electrons and carries a positive charge is referred to as a cation. The process of losing electrons results in fewer negatively charged particles than positively charged protons in the nucleus, which gives the atom a net positive charge. This change in charge occurs during chemical reactions or ionization processes.

It is important to understand the definition of cations in relation to the fundamental nature of atoms and their charges. Atoms typically have an equal number of protons and electrons, making them neutral. When electrons are lost, the balance is disrupted, and the result is a positively charged ion, which is the definition of a cation. This concept is crucial when studying ionic compounds, electrochemistry, and various chemical reactions where atom charge states play a significant role.